Z-Score LORETA Neurofeedback as a Potential Therapy for ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of relatively high prevalence and frequently contributes to poor school and work performance. Neurofeedback (NFB) has proven to be an effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of ADHD. Recently introduced z-score LORETA neurofeedback offers promise as a tool, and appears to provide a more efficient therapy than standard two-channel neurofeedback. This advantage is based on the ability to train 19 channels simultaneously, and the ability to directly target an electrically dysregulated area of the brain, which may be more difficult to access with standard neurofeedback therapy (areas addressed with LORETA neurofeedback include the cingulate gyrus and hippocampal structures). This paper presents our experience with Z-score LORETA neurofeedback in the treatment of ADHD.
Quantitative electroencephalograph before neurofeedback initiation. Noticeable prominent excess of frontal beta and high beta activity depicted in red color (see frontal gray area). Green color shows brain power within 1 SD, yellow color within 2 SDs.
Before neurofeedback low resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis showed electrical dysregulation of anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann Area 32 and 24) in beta frequency.
Quantitative electroencephalograph after 10 neurofeedback sessions. Marked reduction of frontal beta and high beta power was recorded.
After 30 sessions of neurofeedback low resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis. Shows no evidence any longer of anterior cingulate electrical dysregulation.
Quantitative electroencephalograph after 30 sessions of neurofeedback. Major reduction of frontal beta and high beta activity is noted (reduction of red [reduction of frontal gray area]).
J. Lucas Koberda
Paula Koberda
Andrew Moses
Jessica Winslow
Andrew Bienkiewicz
Laura Koberda
Contributor Notes